Holland
recognized our political independence !
To ALBANY SARATOGA SCHENECTADY
NEWBURGH.
to PHILADELPHIA to see Count de Rochambeau;
then GW returned via Pottsgrove [town], PA. To BETHLEHEM, PA
Hope, NJ Sussex Court House,
NJ and to NEWBURGH, NY. "Purple
Heart"
awards
TREATIES WERE CRAFTED BY BEN FRANKLIN, DEFINING CANADIAN BORDERS. ENGLAND RECOGNIZED
the INDEPENDENCE OF THE U S of A.
On January 1, 1782, "The Society of the Friendly Sons of the Saint Patrick" gave a fabulous dinner and party at the City Tavern in Philadelphia. Present were Generals Washington, Lincoln, Knox, Moultrie, Hand, McIntosh, Baron von Steuben, and Robert Howe. Also present were Colonels Tilghman, Smith, Washington, Count Dillon, Robert Morris, the French and Spanish ministers.The next night, Washington and the minister of France, other ladies and gentlemen - attended entertainment at the Southwark Theatre, at Charles and South Streets between Fourth and Fifth Streets.
Washington wrote to LaFayette that Congress had agreed upon maintaining full strength of the army. He told the Marquis that the British had entirely withdrawn from North Carolina to Charleston, SC.
In January, the British began withdrawing their troops from the South.
On February 27, Parliament rejected Lord North's ministry and resolved that the war should no longer be pursued. On March 5, a bill was passed by Parliament to authorize peace negotiations.
On February 8, a proclamation was issued, freely pardoning all deserters and those who may have joined the enemy, if they report in by June 1, 1782.
On March 22, Washington departed Philadelphia for Burlington, NJ, where he inspected the Colonel John Lambs Second Regiment of the Continental Corps of Artillery.
He went northward to Morristown and stayed from March 24 until March 28, 1782 ... to consult with General Knox. Gouverneur Morris had been sent to ElizabethTown to discuss exchange of prisoners. It was unsuccessful.
On April 12 in the West Indies, British Admiral Rodney defeated and captured Admiral DeGrasse. Seven French ships were lost, but 13 French ships under Admiral Marquis de Vaudreuil sailed for Boston (arriving on August 10 and staying until December 24, 1782).
Washington wrote in a message to Colonel Matthias,
"The spirit of enterprise, so conspicuous in your plan for surprising in their quarters and bringing off the Prince William Henry and Admiral Digby, merits applause; and you have my authority to make the attempt, [to capture them], in any manner, and at such a time, as your own judgment shall direct." The capture was not accomplished. [Prince William Henry had been serving as a midshipman. Later he would become King William IV]
George Washington left Morristown on the morning of March 28 and went via Pompton and Ringwood, NJ with Martha Washington and an escort of an officer, sergeant and twelve dragoons.
They arrived on March 31 at the Hasbrouck House at Newburgh, New York HQ, 8 miles north of West Point.
Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh, NY (opened to the public in 1850 - claims to be the first public historic site recognized in the USA - a good long 'day trip' from Morristown)
Vails Gate, NY and New Windsor, NY Cantonment
In April, Holland recognized our political independence !
In June, John Adams obtained a loan of $2,000,000 from Dutch bankers.
In May, Washington berated Colonel Lewis Nicola for suggesting that he assume the title of King.
On June 26, GW rode north to inspect his northern armies. Governor George Clinton greeted the party in Albany with a thirteen-cannon salute and an illuminated city. He received and answered an address of members of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Albany.
Washington went on to Saratoga with Governor, General Schuyler. They reviewed the block houses and theatre of battle of 1777. He reviewed the first regiment of New Hampshire.
They then went to Schenectady where they reviewed warriors of the Oneidas and Tuscaroras painted for war.
He returned to Albany, and then took a barge back to Newburgh.
On July 4, Alexander Hamilton advocated a strong central government. He would become a member of the Continental Congress. A 13 cannon salute was given as American troops lined both sides of the North River.
On July 11, Washington set out for Philadelphia. Count de Rochambeau was also on his way to Philadelphia, and requested to speak with Washington.
Washington returned, starting from Philadelphia on July 24, 1782. He went via Pottstown (then Pottsgrove) and Bethlehem, PA, with Colonel Trumbull and Major Walker and no escort; He dined at the "Sun Inn" and inspected the choir houses - and attended an evening service. They traveled to Hope, NJ in Warren County and may have slept at Sussex Court-House (now Newton, NJ).
On July 13, about 100 Seneca Indians under Chief Guyasuta with 60 Canadian Rangers sailed down the Allegheny River in canoes and completely burned the village of Hannastown, Pa.
On August 7 at Newburgh, GW issued the first "purple heart" awards as the Badge of Military Merit. In New England, the use of the scarlet "A" used to identify adulterers - was discontinued.
On August 15, the British and Indians attacked at Bryan Station, Kentucky.
Washington received word that the British had evacuated Savannah, GA, leaving the State in control of the forces under General Anthony Wayne.
From August 30 until September 1, the American and French armies marched to the region around Verplanck's Point, NY.
Count Rochambeau arrived on September 14. The armies dressed up and paraded much throughout the fall, but on October 22, the French army marched to Boston to embark for the West Indies.
On October 8, Holland signed a treaty of friendship and commerce with John Adams.
Newburgh & New Windsor, NY
Washington would make his Headquarters at Newburgh until August 13, 1783.The army of about 7,000 troops plus some women and children, was moved north again to New Windsor, NY, northwest of West Point for winter quarters. They arrived on October 28, 1782. Several hundred log huts were built.
Martha, George and staff officers stayed at the Jonathon and Tryntje Hasbrouck fieldstone farmhouse, near the banks of the Hudson River, in Newburgh, NY. Major General Horatio Gates, Major General Henry Knox and aides were at the John Ellison place.
On October 25, 1782, a massacre occured at Barnegat Shoals near Long Beach Island, NJ.
On November 30 in Paris, a preliminary peace agreement was crafted by Benjamin Franklin, John Jay and John Adams working with British negotiator Richard Oswald. It fixed the boundary between Canada and the United States; provided for shared fishing off Newfoundland; Independence was recognized by Britain. It promised recovery of outstanding debts and protection of Loyalists.
The last large land battle east of the Mississippi was fought at Chillicothe, Ohio, on November 10, 1782, with George Rogers Clark defeating the British-allied Shawnee Indians. West of the Mississippi, there was the Colbert Incident at Arkansas Post near the confluence of the Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers in 1783.
In December in South Carolina, the Swamp Fox, Francis Marion disband his 70 or so men, who had been experts in ambush, and surprise attacks. They had fought skirmishes at Blue Savannah, Great Savannah, Teacoat Swamp, Black Mingo and Halfway Swamp.
The French began to send their troops home. They had been denied representation in the peace negotiations in Paris between the British and American diplomats. Benjamin Franklin smoothed the situation with a diplomatic message.
December 27,1782, a skirmish near Cedar Bridge at Long Beach Island, NJ was between John Bacon's Loyalist forces and members of the New Jersey Militia. The fighting ended - peace was on the way.
John Jay had suspected that the French would reward the Spanish with land east of the Mississippi River.
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